From Snails to Whales: Harbor excursion & the sharing of an ecosystem

Saturday, July 12, 2014

Harbor excursion & the sharing of an ecosystem

The most notable thing about our harbor sojourn to me was that we could remain in a human dominated habitat and examine at a relatively close distance a whole other ecosystem. It might not have always been so lush (as the harbor and Charles river used to be much more polluted than today), but it is interesting to me that we as humans can still (perhaps against our will) carve out space for other living things. You’d think with all the paving and industry and transformation that the environment of Boston has taken on, (like how the long wharf stretched to the customs house but now is much more filled in), there’d be little to no room for other life, or that the ecosystem would completely restructure or fall apart. However, it seems like it adapts pretty well (as evidenced by the algae and seaweed by the office dock).

At first, we saw the environment of the north end. Aside from the occasional seagull, we humans dominate the paved parts and developed areas. However, a glance in the water revealed large striped bass (Pictured below), probably around 3ft. long or larger, who were quite hungry. Here is a picture that someone took of the bass from underwater, which I thought was a great shot:

Courtesy of riptideusa at: http://stripes.forumchitchat.com/post/under-water-striped-bass-pics-5065536

After seeing a mangy mallard, we examined the bass as I said before; and the ducks retreated to one side, using a drainpipe as a shower. This is one of the means of adaptation I am talking about, that the creatures that inhabit the ecosystem making changes to fit in with their surroundings. (I am not evolutionary adaptation, which would take many more generations).

The water itself around boston seems pretty clear, at points we could see shells on the bottom. I believe the Charles River has a B EPA rating, which has improved from its D rating several decades earlier.

There was a cormorant eating a small fish. It is much more streamlined to a duck or seagull, better designed for diving underwater. I’m familiar with loons, and they look like no-nonsense diving loons. Rumor has it that they almost went extinct in the 20’s because the ladies of the town used cormorant feathers for their hats, until the Massachusetts Audubon stepped in.

We also saw some moon jellyfish. As a side note, I believe they are appropriate to Boston because the shape of their reproductive organs (in 3 and 4 gonad bearing jellyfish) seem to mimic a clover (the sign of the Celtics, as well as the large Irish population around Boston).

Our tour of the harbor in the ferry showed me that the jellyfish are quite prolific, and the islands in Boston harbor and the bay are teeming with life, as their shores seemed to have rocks coated with algae of different types, and with algae, comes species that eat algae and so forth, so that particular ecosystem will be fun to explore.

Near the floating office, we saw several types of seaweeds and algae which I believe are indicative of what we will see tomorrow—small fronded seaweeds of several colors, large kelp weeds, with growths on them, as well as several smaller orange sea plant life of which I will attempt to discover the name.

Lastly, we saw some little barnacles on rocks. I really think that those are pretty interesting, as they can survive in the sunlight and underwater, a zone that changes essentially daily. We will see what tomorrow brings with the inter-tidal zone and other changing condition dwellers.

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From Snails to Whales

Welcome to Snails to Whales, Bruce Berman's blog focused on both the little and the big things that make Boston Harbor such an interesting and extraordinary place to live, work and play.

With 50 miles of protected water, four sheltered bays, seven river systems, 34 islands and a nine-foot average tide, Boston Harbor is one of the most diverse urban ecosystems in America.

This blog focuses on the flora and fauna of Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay - on the beach, the shore, and the harbor islands, and in the cleaner waters of Boston Harbor and Mass Bay - including this ecosystems most important species - people.

During the summer, it is also a place for my Boston University Students and my colleagues at Save the Harbor / Save the Bay to share their work and experiences.

Where I am coming from...

Love that clean(er) water
Learning about the Boston Harbor Cleanup from the waterway’s eyes, ears, and mouthpiece

By Brian Fitzgerald, BU Bridge

On Georges Island, Bruce Berman talks with his students about the history of the Boston Harbor Cleanup,
which is largely complete. Photo by Vernon Doucette

Bruce Berman, aboard a ferry from Boston’s Long Wharf to Georges Island, poses a question to his students: “How clean is clean enough?”

He’s talking about the water below.

It’s a brilliant July day, with the smell of salt spray in the air. The sky is clear, and so is the ocean. But there was a time when Boston Harbor wasn’t so clean, when the stench of sewage assaulted the nostrils of anyone who went near it.

Berman is the communications director for Save the Harbor/Save the Bay, a public-interest environmental advocacy organization whose mission is to help restore and protect the harbor and Massachusetts Bay. He also teaches a Metropolitan College summer course called Politics, Public Relations, and Public Policy: The Boston Harbor Cleanup.

“The Boston Harbor Cleanup is an amazing success story, and I just love to share it with students,” says Berman, noting that the harbor’s “bad old days” weren’t that long ago. Those were the days when untreated human waste, syringes, condoms, and tampon applicators routinely washed ashore. The antiquated sewage treatment plants on Deer Island and Nut Island were so poorly designed and maintained that they flooded during even mild rainstorms, sending millions of gallons of untreated waste directly into the harbor.

Since then, bacteria counts in the water have decreased by more than two-thirds. Now the harbor teems with plants and animals, and people can legally dig for clams on Carson Beach in South Boston, which was unheard of in the 1980s.

“It was one of the filthiest harbors in America, and now it’s one of the cleanest,” says Berman. “What I’m trying to impress upon students is how this incredible comeback occurred, and how business, advocacy groups, environmentalists, and government can affect the outcome of large projects such as the Boston Harbor Cleanup through negotiation.”

Paradise regained

Berman points to the left as the boat cruises by the cleanup’s centerpiece: the gargantuan white egglike tanks of the Deer Island waste treatment plant, which in 1995 replaced the antiquated facility. The plant treats an average of 350 million gallons of sewage a day.

“And what comes out of the Deer Island treatment plant?” he asks. Berman, his booming baritone competing with the roar of planes taking off from Logan Airport, has a habit of putting students on the spot to see if they’re paying attention.

“The outfall pipe,” say several simultaneously. “Treated water,” chime in a few more.

“That’s right,” he says with a smile. “The plant separates the solid and liquid waste, and it pumps the treated water through the 9.5-mile outfall pipe, which empties into Massachusetts Bay. The resulting sludge is converted to high-grade fertilizer.”

Now Berman returns to his original question: “How clean is clean enough?” There’s no quick and clear answer to this one. “It’s a question that at the end of the day the federal courts had to decide.”

In 1985, a landmark federal court case required that the harbor’s beaches be made swimmable and fishable by 2000. Save the Harbor/Save the Bay was formed the next year to raise public awareness of the $4.5 billion Boston Harbor Cleanup. Sewer ratepayers in the 43 cities and towns financing the project cried foul over the prospect of astronomically rising bills, but because of the determination of environmental advocacy groups such as Berman’s, the cleanup was largely completed on schedule.

Berman says it isn’t finished, however. There are still frequent beach closures because the counts of Enterococcus bacteria exceed the federal and state standard for swimming. The culprit: filthy storm water and sewage, much of it from leaky pipes and illegal hookups emptying into storm sewers, and then into the harbor.

“So is the harbor clean enough,” the Springfield native asks his students, “when you can’t swim in it one out of five days in the summer?”

Work to be done

Berman and his class look out from Georges Island to Gallops Island (left) and the white tanks of the waste treatment plant on Deer Island (right). Photo by Vernon Doucette

This summer the state approved one of the last parts of the cleanup: the construction, by 2011, of a 2.1-mile tunnel near the Dorchester and South Boston shorelines that will hold sewage and storm water during bad weather. It then will be pumped to Deer Island for treatment.

Berman is ecstatic over this development, the result of “tireless negotiation and consensus-building,” he says. “After 2011, we’re looking at beach closings once every five years, when there is a major storm, instead of once every five days.”

But he is not about to let his guard down. To say that he is a man obsessed with the harbor cleanup would be an understatement. Berman is also Save the Harbor/Save the Bay’s “Baywatcher,” and he lives on his 40-foot trawler Verandah. Polluters beware: if you’re discharging oil or sewage into Boston Harbor, the Baywatcher just might be watching.

He is quick to point out that his zealotry is not just on behalf of the harbor’s flora and fauna. “The harbor is for everyone,” he says. “If you’re from a working class or poor family in Boston, and you can’t afford a Cape Cod getaway in the summer, a clean harbor is important. The same is true if you’re a tourist vacationing in Boston or you happen to live in a pricey waterfront condo.”

Accordingly, Berman, who was a political consultant and contributing editor to the Phoenix newspaper before joining Save the Harbor/Save the Bay nearly 10 years ago, also teaches his students about the harbor’s role in the city’s economy. He points out that in the early 1990s, just a few ferries cruised the harbor’s waters. Today, more than 100,000 people visit its islands each summer, discovering their ecological and historic treasures.

“The best way to protect the harbor cleanup,” Berman tells his students, “is to make sure that the public has access to the resources and can see a return on its investment.”

Trevor Kosmolsick (MET’05) has lived in Boston for seven years, but until taking Berman’s course, he had never been to the waterfront. “I’ve also wanted to go camping in the area, but I never knew that you could camp on a few of the islands,” he says. “Bruce Berman is not only a great professor, but the ultimate tour guide.”

He also backs up his words with actions. Sometimes he takes off his shirt and dives in the water to demonstrate to passing boaters that it’s safe to swim. To show people on ferries that fishing is safe, he’s been known to grab one of the bluefish or striped bass he’s caught and (very carefully) plant a wet kiss on it.

“What I want everyone to understand is that investment in the environment really does pay off,” says Berman. “We’re willing to pay for a clean Boston Harbor, so we should enjoy it.”

From Snails to Whales

Saturday, July 12, 2014

Harbor excursion & the sharing of an ecosystem

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